William Longespee, 1st Earl of Salisbury d.1226 after a mid-13th century manuscript in Cambridge University Library

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William Longespée, 1st Earl of Salisbury (c. 1176 – 1226), was an English nobleman and military commander, notable for his loyalty to the English crown and his significant role in the politics and military campaigns of his time. He was an illegitimate son of Henry II of England by his mistress, Ida de Tosny, making him a half-brother to King Richard I and King John. His epithet "Longespée," meaning "Long Sword," is believed to refer to his great physical stature and prowess in battle.

Longespée's early life was marked by his close association with the royal family. He was raised at court and received lands and titles from his father and half-brothers. In 1196, he married Ela of Salisbury, the heiress of William FitzPatrick, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, thereby acquiring the title of Earl of Salisbury. This marriage significantly bolstered his status and wealth, as Ela brought substantial estates and influence.

Throughout his life, Longespée was a staunch supporter of his royal half-brothers. He served King Richard I during the Third Crusade and later played a crucial role in the administration and military campaigns of King John. He was present at the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 and remained loyal to John during the subsequent First Barons' War. After John's death, Longespée continued to serve the young King Henry III, acting as a regent and military leader.

Longespée's military career was distinguished by his participation in several key battles and expeditions. He fought in the Battle of Damme in 1213 and the Battle of Lincoln in 1217, where his leadership was instrumental in the royalist victory against the rebel barons and their French allies. His martial skills and strategic acumen earned him a formidable reputation among his contemporaries.

William Longespée died in 1226 and was buried in Salisbury Cathedral, where his tomb can still be seen today. His legacy is remembered not only for his contributions to the English crown but also for his role in the turbulent political landscape of early 13th-century England. His life and career are documented in various historical records, including a mid-13th century manuscript housed in the Cambridge University Library, which provides valuable insights into his achievements and the era in which he lived.

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